古牧的标准[转载]

米勒犬舍

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                                        天气：OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG
(Bobtail)
ORIGIN : Great Britain.DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 29.10.2003.UTILIZATION : Sheepdog.CLASSIFICATION FCI :
Group 1Sheepdogs and Cattle
Dogs( except Swiss Cattle
Dogs).
Section 1Sheepdogs.
Without working trial.GENERAL APPEARANCE : Strong, square-looking dog of great symmetry and overall soundness. Absolutely free from legginess, profusely coated all over. A thick-set muscular, able-bodied dog with a most intelligent expression. The natural outline should not be artificially changed by scissoring or clipping. Of great stamina, exhibiting a gently rising topline,
and a pear-shaped body when viewed from above. The gait has a typical roll when ambling or walking. Bark has a distinctive toned quality.IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : Muzzle measuring approximately half of the total head length.
Dog standing lower at withers than loin.BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : A biddable dog of even disposition. Bold, faithful and trustworthy, with no suggestion of nervousness or unprovoked aggression.HEAD : In proportion to the size of the body.CRANIAL REGION :
Skull : Capacious, rather square. Well arched above eyes.
Stop : Well defined.FACIAL REGION :
Nose : Large and black. Nostrils wide.
Muzzle : Strong, square and truncated.
Jaws / teeth : Teeth strong, large and evenly placed. Scissor bite. : jaws strong with a perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. upper teeth closely overlapping the lower teeth and set square to the jaws. Pincer bite tolerated but undesirable.
Eyes : Set well apart. Dark or wall eyes. Two blue eyes acceptable. Light eyes undesirable. Pigmentation on the eye rims preferred.
Ears : Small and carried flat to side of head.NECK : Fairly long, strong, arched gracefully.BODY : Rather short and compact. Dog standing lower at withers than loin.
Loin : Very sturdy, broad and gently arched.
Chest : Deep, capacious brisket. Ribs well-sprung.TAIL :  Customarily docked or natural bobtail.
Docked : Customarily completely docked.
Undocked : Unobtrusive when standing.  Low set.  Never curled or carried over back, with no kink evident.  Well feathered with abundant hard-textured coat.LIMBSFOREQUARTERS : Forelegs perfectly straight, with plenty of bone, holding body well from ground.
Shoulders : Should be well laid back, being narrower at the point of withers than at the point of shoulder. Loaded shoulders undesirable.
Elbows : Fitting close to brisket.HINDQUARTERS : Quarters well covered, round and muscular.
Stifle : Well turned.
Second thigh : Long and well developed.
Hocks : Set low. From the rear, the hocks should be quite straight.FEET : Turning neither in nor out. Small, round and tight. Toes well arched. Pads thick and hard. Dew claws should be removed.GAIT/ MOVEMENT : When walking, exhibits a bear-like roll from the rear. When trotting, shows effortless extension and strong driving rear action, with legs moving straight along line of travel. Very elastic at the gallop. At slow speeds, some dogs may tend to pace. When moving, the head carriage may adopt a naturally lower position.COATHAIR : Profuse, of good harsh texture, not straight, but shaggy and free from curl.  Undercoat of waterproof pile. Head and skull well covered with hair, ears moderately coated, neck well coated, forelegs well coated all round, hindquarters more heavily coated than rest of body. Quality, texture and profusion to be considered above mere length.COLOUR : Any shade of grey, grizzle or blue. Body and hindquarters of solid colour with or without white socks, White patches in the solid area to be discouraged. Head, neck, forequarters and under belly to be white or without markings. Any shade of brown undesirable.SIZE :
Dogs61 cm  ( 24 inches) and upwards.
Bitches56 cm ( 22 inches) and upwards.
Type and symmetry of greatest importance, and on no account to be sacrified to size alone.FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.NB : Male animals must have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.This amended breed standard will become effective from April 2004.

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蓝染

英国古代牧羊犬（简称古牧）是英国最古老的牧羊犬种之一。在古代英国西部农村地方为了赶家畜到牧场，农夫们饲养出这种机敏的牧牛，牧羊犬种。此犬的祖先包含了长须牧羊犬及各种欧洲牧羊犬之血统。19世纪时，古英国牧羊犬广为农业地区使用。1873年，首次在英国展示会上公开亮相。


　　英国古代牧羊犬是一种健壮、紧凑、正方形比例、和谐的品种。非常迷人，被毛丰厚、浓密，但不过分，肌肉发达，身躯强壮。这些品质，结合了他的活泼，使他能符合一个牧羊犬或畜牧犬的苛刻标准。因此，无缺陷是非常重要的。他的吠声非常特别，象“罐装酒变质”的声音。



英国古代牧羊犬的外貌特征


　　大小：肩高（从马肩隆到地面的距离），雄性约22英寸（55.8厘米）或更高。雌性约21英寸（53.3厘米）或更高。


　　头部：宽大且最好呈正方形，给大脑足够的空间（提供更高的智力）。眼睛上面的部分（眼窝以上）适度圆拱。整个脑袋被浓密的毛发所覆盖。


　　眼睛：褐色，蓝色或一个眼睛褐色、一个眼睛蓝色。如果是褐色，颜色越深越好；如果是蓝色，灰白色、青灰色或环状眼睛都很典型。琥珀色或黄色眼睛不符合需要。


　　耳朵：中等大小，平贴在头部两侧。


　　鼻镜：黑色，大且宽阔。


　　颈部：还算比较长，温和地圆拱。


　　背线：马肩隆比腰部略低，但没有软弱或松弛的迹象。注意：背线是这一品种特有的、区别于其他品种的特征。


　　身躯：最好是短而紧凑，臀部比肩部要宽，肋骨支撑良好，胸部深而宽。既不是厚板胸、也不是桶状胸。腰部非常结实，且略微圆拱。


　　尾巴：断尾，尾巴在贴近身体处切断，所以没有自然摆动的尾巴。


　　前躯：肩胛骨倾斜向后，尖端狭窄。前肢绝对笔直，且骨量充足。从马肩隆到肘部的距离与从肘部到地面的距离相等。


　　后躯：圆且肌肉发达，飞节位置低。站立时，无论从哪个角度观察，跖骨都垂直于地面。


　　被毛：非常丰厚，但不能太过分，使他显得很肥胖，质地较硬，不直，但很蓬松，不能卷曲。毛发的品质和质地要比单纯的毛量更重要。平坦或柔软的被毛属于缺陷。在没有修剪和季节性脱毛前，底毛具有防水能力。耳朵上有适量被毛，整个脑袋被毛发所覆盖。颈部也有大量被毛。腿部周围都是毛发。大腿和臀部的毛发比其他部位的毛发要更浓厚、更长，形成所谓的“夹克”。被毛轮廓和质地都可以用人工方式修剪、清理，但足爪和屁股不能修剪。


　　毛色：何深度的灰色、灰白色、蓝色或芸石色，带有或不带白色斑纹（或相反）。任何深度的褐色、驼色都不受欢迎，且不被鼓励。

玉涵犬舍

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