阿拉斯加雪橇犬AKC标准

牧羊犬虎虎

[简介]
阿拉斯加雪橇犬是一种古老地极地雪橇犬，它们结实、有力，肌肉发达而且胸很深。当它们站立时，头部竖直，眼神显得警惕、好奇，给人的感觉是充满活力而且非常骄傲。头部宽阔。耳朵呈三角形，警惕时保持竖立。口吻大，宽度从根部向鼻尖渐收。口吻既不显得长而突出，也不显得短而粗。被毛浓密，披毛有足够的长度以保护内层柔软的底毛。阿拉斯加雪橇犬有各种不同的颜色。它们脸部的斑纹是很显著的特点。头上有“帽子”，脸部是全白或有条纹或斑纹。尾巴上长着软毛，翻卷在背后，看起来象波浪状羽毛。
阿拉斯加雪橇犬必须有粗壮的骨骼，健康的腿、良好的足爪、深深的胸和有力的肩膀，而且其他身体组织也要同样健壮，才能承担起它们的工作。步态必须坚定、和谐且非常有效率。它们并不只是用来比较拉雪橇的速度，阿拉斯加雪橇犬应该有足够的力量和耐力，任何一条狗，如果具有妨碍它完成工作的特点，例如性情急噪等，都被认为是很大的缺陷。
[体型]
这一品种的体型大小完全是自然形成的。最理想的体型大小是：雄性肩高25英寸(63cm)，体重85磅(38kg)；雌性肩高23英寸(58cm)，体重75磅(34kg)。不过，身高和体重与其他一些素质（比例、步态等）相比，并非最为重要的。在比赛中，只有其他条件如比例、步态等都非常接近的情况下，身高体重越接近上述标准，获胜的机会越大。胸深大约为肩高的一半，胸最深的位置应该位于前肢后方。身体的长度（从马肩隆到骨盆最高点的距离）略大于肩高。身材不能显得肥胖，骨量与身体呈正常比例。

[头部]
头部宽且深，不显得粗糙或笨拙，与身体的比例恰当。表情柔和、充满友爱。眼睛在头部的位置略斜，眼睛的颜色为褐色，杏仁状，中等大小。眼睛的颜色越深越好。兰色的眼睛属于失格。耳朵的大小适中，但与头部相比显得略小一些。耳朵为三角形，耳尖稍圆。耳朵分的很开，位于脑袋外侧*后的位置，与外眼角成一直线。当耳朵竖着的时候，就象是站在脑袋上一样。竖立的耳朵也许略向前倾，但当狗在工作时，有时耳朵也会折向脑袋。耳朵位置过高属于缺陷。
两耳间的脑袋宽，且略略隆起，从头顶向眼睛的方向渐渐变窄、变平，*近面颊的部分变的比较平坦。两眼间有轻微的皱纹。脑袋的轮廓线和口吻的轮廓线象两条略向下折的，连在一起的直线。与脑袋相比，口吻显得长而大，宽度和深度是从与脑袋结合的位置向鼻镜的方向逐渐变小。除了红色被毛的狗以外，其他颜色的狗都应该是黑色的鼻镜、眼圈和嘴唇。红色被毛的狗允许是褐色的鼻镜、眼圈和嘴唇。带有浅色条纹的“雪鼻”是可以接受的。嘴唇紧密闭合。上下颚宽大，牙齿巨大。咬和为剪状咬和，上颚突出或下颚突出式咬和都属于缺陷。

[颈部、背线、身躯]
颈部结实，略呈弧形。胸部相当发达。身躯结构简洁，但不属于短小型。后背很直，略向臀部倾斜。腰部硬实且肌肉发达。腰部太长会削弱整个后背，属于缺陷。尾巴的位置在脊柱的末端。当它们不工作的时候，尾巴会翻卷在背后。它们的尾巴不会紧紧地卷在后背上，尾巴上的毛也不是短短的象刷子。阿拉斯加雪橇犬的尾巴上长着软毛，看起来象波浪状羽毛。

[前躯]
肩膀适度倾斜；前肢骨骼粗壮且肌肉发达，从前面观察，从肩部到腕部都很直。从侧面观察，腕部短而结实，略有倾斜。足爪属于雪鞋型的，紧且深，配合合适的脚垫，显得稳固、简洁。足爪大，足趾紧且略拱。足趾间长有保护性的毛发。脚垫厚实、坚韧；趾甲短而结实。

[后躯]
后腿宽，而且整个大腿肌肉非常发达；后膝关节适度倾斜；飞节适度倾斜，且适当向下。从背后观察，不论是站立时还是行走中，后腿都与相应的前腿处于同一直线，既不分的太开，也不*的太近。后腿上的狼爪是不需要的，当幼犬出生后就需要将狼爪切除。

[被毛]
阿拉斯加雪橇犬拥有浓密、粗硬的披毛，披毛不能长，也不能软。底毛浓厚，有1~2英寸厚，含油脂，且柔软。披毛的长度是随着底毛而变化的。身体两侧的被毛较短，向前延伸到肩部和脖子的时候，被毛逐渐变长，向下和向后，到臀部及尾巴，被毛都是逐渐变长。阿拉斯加雪橇犬在整个夏季，通常被毛都比较短，也不那么浓密。在比赛中，这一品种是不允许修剪被毛的，除了为了整洁而修剪足爪上的毛。

[颜色]
一般从浅灰色到黑色及不同程度的红色都有。只有一种纯色是可以接受的，就是纯白色。白色是下半部身体的主要颜色，白色还分布于腿、足爪和脸上的斑纹中。额头及领部有白色斑纹，或颈部有斑点都是有吸引力的，可以接受。身体被不连续的颜色覆盖或有不均匀的色斑属于缺陷。

[步态]
阿拉斯加雪橇犬的步态是稳定、和谐且有力的。以它的体型和构造来看，相当敏捷。从侧面观察，后躯提供的强大驱动力通过肌肉发达的腰部传递给前躯。前躯得到后面传递过来的驱动力，步伐流畅。从前面或从后面观察，腿始终保持直线，既不太*近，也不太分开。快步跑时，足爪向身体中线*拢。步态不自然或步态没有效率，容易疲倦都属于缺陷。

[气质]
阿拉斯加雪橇犬非常友好，属于“朋友狗”，而不是“孤僻狗”。它是忠诚、深情的伙伴，但一般给人的印象是高贵、成熟。

[总结]
重点：在评判阿拉斯加雪橇犬时，需要着重考虑的是这是一种在极地拖曳雪橇和货物的狗。所以在评分中，需要看其背离前面描述的要求的程度及在一些细节方面造成的对完成工作的影响程度来定。阿拉斯加雪橇犬的腿必须超常的结实和有力。不论是前面还是后面，不论是站立还是移动，腿和足爪有任何问题都属于严重缺陷。下面所列的情况都属于缺陷：镰刀腿；牛肢；飞节不好；直肩膀，缺乏角度；步态不自然（包括不能符合稳定、和谐、有力的标准）；呆板；骨量不足；比例失调。

[失格]
蓝眼睛

牧羊犬虎虎

Alaskan Malamute Breed Standard
Working Group

General Appearance
The Alaskan Malamute, one of the oldest Arctic sled dogs, is a powerful and substantially built dog with a deep chest and strong, well-muscled body. The Malamute stands well over the pads, and this stance gives the appearance of much activity and a proud carriage, with head erect and eyes alert showing interest and curiosity. The head is broad. Ears are triangular and erect when alerted. The muzzle is bulky, only slight diminishing in width from root to nose. The muzzle is not pointed or long, yet not stubby. The coat is thick with a coarse guard coat of sufficient length to protect a woolly undercoat. Malamutes are of various colors. Face markings are a distinguishing feature. These consist of a cap over the head, the face either all white or marked with a bar and/or mask. The tail is well furred, carried over the back, and has the appearance of a waving plume.

The Malamute must be a heavy boned dog with sound legs, good feet, deep chest and powerful shoulders, and have all of the other physical attributes necessary for the efficient performance of his job. The gait must be steady, balanced, tireless and totally efficient. He is not intended as a racing sled dog designed to compete in speed trials. The Malamute is structured for strength and endurance, and any characteristic of the individual specimen, including temperament, which interferes with the accomplishment of this purpose, is to be considered the most serious of faults.

Size, Proportion, Substance
There is a natural range in size in the breed. The desirable freighting sizes are males, 25 inches at the shoulders, 85 pounds; females, 23 inches at the shoulders, 75 pounds. However, size consideration should not outweigh that of type, proportion, movement and other functional attributes. When dogs are judged equal in type, proportion, movement, the dog nearest the desirable freighting size is to be preferred. The depth of chest is approximately one half the height of the dog at the shoulders, the deepest point being just behind the forelegs. The length of the body from point of shoulder to the rear point of pelvis is longer than the height of the body from ground to top of the withers. The body carries no excess weight, and bone is in proportion to size.

Head
The head is broad and deep, not coarse or clumsy, but in proportion to the size of the dog. The expression is soft and indicates an affectionate disposition. The eyes are obliquely placed in the skull. Eyes are brown, almond shaped and of medium size. Dark eyes are preferred. Blue Eyes are a Disqualifying Fault. The ears are of medium size, but small in proportion to the head. The ears are triangular in shape and slightly rounded at the tips. They are set wide apart on the outside back edges of the skull on line with the upper corner of the eye, giving ears the appearance, when erect, of standing off from the skull. Erect ears point slightly forward, but when the dog is at work, the ears are sometimes folded against the skull. High set ears are a fault.

The skull is broad and moderately rounded between the ears, gradually narrowing and flattening on top as it approaches the eyes, rounding off to cheeks that are moderately flat. There is a slight furrow between the eyes. The topline of the skull and the topline of the muzzle show a slight break downward from a straight line as they join. The muzzle is large and bulky in proportion to the size of the skull, diminishing slightly in width and depth from junction with the skull to the nose. In all coat colors, except reds, the nose, lips, and eye rims' pigmentation is black. Brown is permitted in red dogs. The lighter streaked "snow nose" is acceptable. The lips are close fitting. The upper and lower jaws are broad with large teeth. The incisors meet with a scissors grip. Overshot or undershot is a fault.

Neck, Topline, Body
The neck is strong and moderately arched. The chest is well developed. The body is compactly built but not short coupled. The back is straight and gently sloping to the hips. The loins are hard and well muscled. A long loin that may weaken the back is a fault. The tail is moderately set and follows the line of the spine at the base. The tail is carried over the back when not working. It is not a snap tail or curled tight against the back, nor is it short furred like a fox brush. The Malamute tail is well furred and has the appearance of a waving plume.

Forequarters
The shoulders are moderately sloping; forelegs heavily boned and muscled, straight to the pasterns when viewed from the front. Pasterns are short and strong and slightly sloping when viewed from the side. The feet are of the snowshoe type, tight and deep, with well-cushioned pads, giving a firm, compact appearance. The feet are large, toes tight fitting and well arched. There is a protective growth of hair between the toes. The pads are thick and tough; toenails short and strong.

Hindquarters
The rear legs are broad and heavily muscled through the thighs; stifles moderately bent; hock joints are moderately bent and well let down. When viewed from the rear, the legs stand and move true in line with the movement of the front legs, not too close or too wide. Dewclaws on the rear legs are undesirable and should be removed shortly after puppies are whelped.

Coat
The Malamute has a thick, coarse guard coat, never long and soft. The undercoat is dense, from one to two inches in depth, oily and woolly. The coarse guard coat varies in length as does the undercoat. The coat is relatively short to medium along the sides of the body, with the length of the coat increasing around the shoulders and neck, down the back, over the rump, and in the breeching and plume. Malamutes usually have a shorter and less dense coat during the summer months. The Malamute is shown naturally. Trimming is not acceptable except to provide a clean cut appearance of feet.

Color
The usual colors range from light gray through intermediate shadings to black, sable, and shadings of sable to red. Color combinations are acceptable in undercoats, points, and trimmings. The only solid color allowable is all white. White is always the predominant color on underbody, parts of legs, feet, and part of face markings. A white blaze on the forehead and/or collar or a spot on the nape is attractive and acceptable. The Malamute is mantled, and broken colors extending over the body or uneven splashing are undesirable.

Gait
The gait of the Malamute is steady, balanced, and powerful. He is agile for his size and build. When viewed from the side, the hindquarters exhibit strong rear drive that is transmitted through a well-muscled loin to the forequarters. The forequarters receive the drive from the rear with a smooth reaching stride. When viewed from the front or from the rear, the legs move true in line, not too close or too wide. At a fast trot, the feet will converge toward the centerline of the body. A stilted gait, or any gait that is not completely efficient and tireless, is to be penalized.

Temperament
The Alaskan Malamute is an affectionate, friendly dog, not a "one man" dog. He is a loyal, devoted companion, playful in invitation, but generally impressive by his dignity after maturity.

Summary
IMPORTANT: In judging Malamutes, their function as a sledge dog for heavy freighting in the Arctic must be given consideration above all else. The degree to which a dog is penalized should depend upon the extent to which the dog deviates from the description of the ideal Malamute and the extent to which the particular fault would actually affect the working ability of the dog. The legs of the Malamute must indicate unusual strength and tremendous propelling power. Any indication of unsoundness in legs and feet, front or rear, standing or moving, is to be considered a serious fault. Faults under this provision would be splay-footedness, cowhocks, bad pasterns, straight shoulders, lack of angulation, stilted gait (or any gait that isn't balanced, strong and steady), ranginess, shallowness, ponderousness, lightness of bone, and poor overall proportion.

Disqualifications
Blue Eyes

雷Sir

还要留下一次烙印 ` `
发个英文贴爪子？？
应该不得有外国人来哦

牧羊犬虎虎

学习英语萨，呵呵呵

evan妈妈

:Smilies04

chenruimu_ren

请问有白围脖的属于阿拉斯加还是哈士奇??

hnxtbc

hata培根

好帖子!顶一个!楼主辛苦了!

1983shake

和哈士奇的区别在哪??????

狼妈咪

支持虎虎！！你在爱狗的帖子我都有转发呢，呵呵！:Smilies16 :Smilies16

狼妈咪

奇怪啊。为什么我在这里发不了帖子？在交易市场也没找到在哪可以发帖子~555:Smilies18 :Smilies18

猎人无限

有见识,纯种的阿拉多少钱一个

猎人无限

能不能发张大的图片

金不换

看来还要多学习

封印之兽

学习喽:Smilies11