AKC裁判手册——关于阿拉斯加的争论，这里可以找到答案[原创]

牧羊犬虎虎

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这部分内容是我从AKC阿拉斯加专业裁判节选出来的，不是100%完整的资料，但是已经足够我们学习很多东西了。
很多内容，我都做了颜色的记号，看了以后，希望大家能改变目前我们的一些错误的认识。

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Introduction and Priorities
介绍和优先权
Thank you for your interest in our breed. The Alaskan Malamute is a noble dog with a unique history. Malamutes served in the Byrd Expeditions and also in several expeditions after World War II. After surviving near extinction, the breed has come back to take its place on the trail, in the home, and in the show ring.
感谢您对这个品种的喜爱。阿拉斯加雪橇犬是一种高贵、有独特历史的品种。二战以后，阿拉斯加就服务于博德探险队和其他各种探险队。在几乎濒临灭绝以后，现代繁殖者从新把阿拉斯加带回了正轨，进入家庭，进入赛场。
The Malamute is a true working dog, and we would like you as judges to reward him for those attributes which make him a true sled dog. The following attributes are the priorities that the parent club would like addressed:
阿拉斯加是真正的工作犬，我们非常高兴您能按照如下特点来裁定一只阿拉斯加是否是真正的雪橇犬，下面描述的内容，始终是优先评判的：
1.Soundness — A working dog must be sound. Soundness of feet and legs is our top priority. We want a dog which is clean coming and going and with good reach in the front and drive in the rear. Do not reward an unsound dog just because it is pretty. We do feel that the Malamute should be a beautiful dog. Records of the first white men who saw the dogs of the Malamuet tribe state that they marveled at the beauty of these dogs. However, soundness is always your top priority.
1、合理的结构——一只工作犬必须有合理的结构。脚和肢体的合理结构是我们的第一选择。我们希望一只犬来去行走都非常舒展、协调。绝不能判定一只结构不合理的狗胜出仅仅是因为它的美丽。当然我们认可阿拉斯加应该是一个漂亮的品种。据资料记载第一个在马拉缪部落看见阿拉斯加的白人就被这种狗的漂亮而感到震惊。然而，合理的结构永远是我们的第一选择。
2.Coat — A sled dog cannot exist in a primitive environment without a proper coat. A harsh double coat is absolutely necessary. The length may vary somewhat. Do not reward a dog with a soft silky coat and no undercoat. Such a dog would find it difficult to survive in an Arctic climate.
2、毛——一只雪橇犬如果没有优秀而正确的毛，将不能在原始的环境中生存。粗硬而浓密的双层毛是绝对必需的。毛的长度可以稍微有些改变。绝不能判定一只毛质柔软如丝或者没有足够底毛的犬胜出。这样的狗，在北极的气候下将很难生存。
3.Feet — Feet are extremely important in this breed. The Malamute foot should be fairly large and tight. There should be very little bend of pastern. A small dainty foot or one down at the pastern are not functional.
3、脚——脚是这个品种非常重要的一部分。阿拉斯加的脚必须粗大并且结实。踝部可能会有稍微的弯曲。小而秀气的脚或者弯曲过大的踝部是没有功能的。
4.Temperament — The Alaskan Malamute is supposed to be a friendly, outgoing dog. He is not a one man dog. A Malamute should never growl at the judge. If the dog growls at your or his owner, excuse him from the ring. This is not the behavior that we want portrayed as proper Malamute temperament. Occasionally you may see two dogs who grumble at each other. This should be quickly controlled by the handler and not allowed to continue. The Alaskan Malamute should be an outgoing dog. A shy dog is not typical of this breed.
4、性格——阿拉斯加雪橇犬应该是友好、外向的“朋友狗”。它不是某人的“私人犬”。阿拉斯加绝不能向裁判吼叫，如果一只犬向您或者它的主人吼叫，那么您应该让它马上离开赛场。这不是我们所需要的理想的阿拉斯加应有的行为。有时候，你会发现两只狗在互相吼叫，这种情况应该立即被指导手制止，以免继续下去。阿拉斯加应该是“朋友狗”。害羞不是这个品种应有的。
5.Condition — The Alaskan Malamute is a working sledge dog. He should be shown in top physical condition with no excess weight. You should not be able to grab handfuls of fat anywhere on the dog's body. The dog is an athlete and should look and act like one. In the summertime you will see many dogs out of coat. This does not reflect poor condition.
5、状态——阿拉斯加是用于拉拽的工作犬。它必须处于身体的最佳状态，绝不能过重。在这个品种的身上，你绝不能在任何地方发现多余的肥胖情况。这种品种是运动员，看起来和表现也必须像运动员的样子。在夏天，你可能发现许多阿拉斯加的毛量很少，但这不是状态糟糕的表现。
Correct Examination Procedure
正确的审查程序
The Malamute is a fun loving dog and can be quite a clown, often at the expense of a human. Large dangling jewelry, hats and scarves could possibly become the objects of a game that you do not want to be a part of.
阿拉斯加是表情丰富，讨人喜爱的品种，有时也能是一个可爱的小丑，当然经常需要付出主人的经济代价。大串的宝石、帽子或者领带，都可能成为游戏的对象，而这些都不是主人愿意看到的。
After looking at the dog's head, do your examination from the side. Feel the ears for thickness of leather, check shoulders and chest for depth and width. You will need to check the topline because sometimes the coat will be brushed up just before the croup and the appearance will be deceiving. The dog should be in top physical condition, and you should not feel any extra fat. It is not necessary to over examine the dog; most of what you need to see, you will see when he is moving. Do not bend down in front of or behind a Malamute. He could interpret it as an invitation to play, and you could find yourself on your back, which could be quite embarrassing.
在考查完狗的头部后，继续从侧面进行你的评判工作。感觉耳朵的厚度，检查肩部及胸部的深度和宽度。你可能需要检查狗的背线，因为有时臀部以上的毛可能会让你的眼睛受到欺骗。这个品种必须保持良好的身体情况，你不能检查到任何的肥胖迹象。你并不需要对狗进行全身检查，很多你需要看的东西，在狗奔跑的时候，自然会显现出来。
不要在阿拉斯加的前面或后面弯腰，它可能会把这个动作认为是一个玩耍的邀请，可能会把你弄到地上，这会是非常尴尬的事情。
The Alaskan Malamute should stand for examination with confidence. He should not shy away from a judge. The breed can be quite vocal; the talking, however, should be limited to a low "woo woo". A dog which shows any aggression should be excused from the ring.
阿拉斯加应该充满信心地站着接受审查。它不能在裁判面前表现得太害羞。这个品种应该非常安静，发出声响最多只允许低沉的“喔喔”身。这个品种如果出现任何对人的攻击倾向，将被立即请出赛场。
The Alaskan Malamute is best judged on a loose lead at a moderate speed. He should be under control at all times. The stride should be easy and tireless, but powerful. He is relatively light on his feet for such a large and powerful dog.
阿拉斯加的审查最好在开阔的地方以中等速度进行。任何时候，它都必须是处于指导手控制之下。步伐应该轻快有力。和它的体型相比较，它的步伐应该是显得很轻的。
If there is bait in the ring, please have it cleaned up prior to the Malamute judging. Food is the number one priority for the Alaskan Malamute, and he will do almost anything to get that piece of liver for himself and keep it away from all competitors. This attitude could easily cause chaos in your ring.
如果赛场中出现了诱饵，请在审查开始前清理干净。食物是阿拉斯加的第一爱好，它可能会为了这一小片肝脏做出任何事情，想方设法据为己有。这种行为可能导致赛场秩序的混乱。
Important Points to Remember
需要记住的要点
An Alaskan Malamute
一只阿拉斯加
?Must be sound of body and of temperament.
必须拥有强健的身体和稳定的性格。
?Must have a double coat. The guard coat must be thick and coarse. The dog will have less coat in the summer.
必须有双层毛，外层毛必须粗而硬。这个品种在夏天毛可能会少一些。
?Must NEVER have a long, soft coat.
绝不允许有长而柔软的毛。
?Is a natural breed. Scissoring is acceptable ONLY on the feet.
是自然的品种。修毛只允许在足部。
?Is a large, not a giant breed.
是大型犬，不是巨型犬。（按目前国际比较公认的犬只分类，阿拉斯加的肩高上限应该在70cm）
?Must be able to exist in a primitive environment. This includes having a thick ear small for the size of the head.
必须能在原始的环境中生存。包括拥有一个和头的比例相对而言比较小的耳朵。
?Must have a tight, deep snowshoe foot with well-cushioned pads.
必须拥有紧密像穿了雪靴的足部，很好的足垫。
?Should have a broad head with a bulky muzzle.
应该拥有一个宽大的头版，肌肉发达。
?Should be moderately angulated.
应该有一定的额段。
?Should have an alert, interested, and intelligent expression.
应该拥有一个警惕、充满好奇并且表现聪明的表情。
?Should have a well furred tail with the appearance of a waving plume.
应该拥有一个波浪状羽毛一样，非常柔软的尾巴。
?May be one of several different color combinations and markings. None is given preference over the others.
可以有一种或几种不同的颜色组合的斑纹。所有的颜色在审查过程中都是一视同仁的，不存在哪个颜色优先于其他颜色。
?Should have a dark eye.
应该有一个色素较深的眼睛。
?Should have a scissors bite.
应该是剪状咬合。
?Should not move in a stilted gait or in any gait that is not completely efficient and tireless.
不能是踩高跷似的步伐或者其他完全没有效率和容易疲劳的步伐。
?Should not have broken colors extending over the body.
身体部分不允许出现断色情况的发生。
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