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History历史
It is said that the Border Collie descends from dogs used by the Vikings to herd reindeer. When the dogs arrived in Scotland, they were most likely crossed with the Valee Sheepdog. Today, the British Border Collie is recognised world-wide as perhaps the most intelligent, hard-working, agile and loyal breed available to sheep-herders. Its herding instincts and abilities are unsurpassed and it is the breed's ability to work that is of prime importance. Owners of a Border Collie must be able to provide plenty of exercise and activity.
据说边境牧羊犬是最初是北欧海盗用来牧驯鹿的。当边境牧羊犬到达苏格兰之后，他们大多数看上去和Valee 牧羊狗很相似。现在，英国的边境牧羊犬已被全世界认可了，并且对于牧羊主来说大多数是最聪明，工作最努力，最敏捷和最忠实的犬种。边境牧羊犬的放牧的本能和才能是未被凌驾的，并且在早期这种放牧的工作能力是最被重视的。边境牧羊犬的犬主必须提供大量的运动量给他们。
Temperament性格
The Border Collie is a high energy breed that loves to work and requires activities to keep it healthy and occupied. Border Collies are highly intelligent, sensitive and responsive. They thrive on pleasing their owner day in and day out and will not be happy sitting around a house all day. Border Collies are very energetic, highly trainable and have great stamina
边境牧羊犬是一种精力充沛的犬种，他们喜爱工作并且需要运动来保持他们的健康和占领区。边境牧羊犬是高智商，灵敏度高并且执行性强的犬种。他们很高兴在主人的周围一天一天的茁壮成长，但是他们不喜欢整天呆在屋屋子里。边境牧羊犬的精力非常充沛，有很高的受训潜力并且拥有坚强的毅力。
Upkeep喂养
Few dogs are as work-oriented as the Border Collie. This is a dog that needs a job. It needs a lot of physical and mental activity every day to satisfy its quest for work. It can live outdoors in temperate to cool climates, but it enjoys being with its family inside as well. This is a dog that cannot live in an apartment and that should preferably have ready access to a yard. Its coat needs brushing or combing twice weekly.
就象边境牧羊犬一样，是工作导向犬中很少的一部分。这种犬种需要工作。他们每天为工作付出很多体力和精力劳动而高兴。他们可以在凉爽的环境下住在室外，但是他们也喜欢和家人们一起住在室内。他们每周需要梳理毛发两次。
Official Breed Standard官方标准
CHARACTERISTICS: 特征
The Border Collie is highly intelligent, with an instinctive tendency to work and is readily responsive to training. It's keen, alert and eager expression add to its intelligent appearance, whilst its loyalty and faithful nature demonstrates that it is at all times kindly disposed towards stock. Any aspect of structure or temperament foreign to a working dog is uncharacteristic.
边境牧羊犬的智商非常高，拥有工作本能的倾向并且乐意执行训练内容。他的敏锐的，警惕的和热情的表达方式加上他的机灵的外表，同时还有忠诚可靠的本性。
GENERAL APPEARANCE: 概述：
The general appearance should be that of a well proportioned dog, the smooth outline showing quality, gracefulness and perfect balance, combined with sufficient substance to ensure that it is capable of enduring long periods of activity in its intended task as a working sheepdog. Any tendency to coarseness or weediness is undesirable.
作为一只工作牧羊犬,他需要是非常匀称,能够展现高品质流畅轮廓,优雅和完美平衡,结合充分精力,保证它能够承担长时间工作任务。任何粗劣的或是瘦弱的都是不受欢迎的。
Head:头部
The skull is broad and flat between the ears, slightly narrowing to the eye with a pronounced stop cheeks deep but not prominent. The muzzle, tapering to the nose, is strong and the same length as the skull. The lips are tight and clean and the nose is large with open nostrils. The nose colour in all dogs will be a solid colour with no pink or light pigment, and shall compliment the backgrounds colour of the dog .
额头宽且平，到两眼之间，额头微显突出，嘴巴从头骨开始到鼻尖呈楔形。嘴唇紧闭不漏水，两鼻孔大且张开。鼻子呈黑色。
Eyes: 眼睛
The eyes are set wide apart, oval shaped of moderate size harmonising with the colour of the coat but darker colour preferred, except in the case of chocolate where a lighter colour is permissable and in the case of merles where blue is permissable. The expression is mild but keen, alert and intelligent.
眼睛位于头骨两侧，椭圆形，中等大小，眼睛的颜色与毛发的颜色很相进。除了毛色是巧克力毛色的允许更浅色的眼睛以外，有些地方兰色的眼睛也是被允许的，表情是温和但敏锐的警惕的并且聪明的。
Ears: 耳朵
The ears should be of medium size and texture, set well apart, carried semi-erect and sensitive in their use and inside well furnished with hair.
耳朵应该是中等大小，位于正确的部位。1/2或1/4或3/4折耳也有全竖的，但大多是1/2折耳的。耳尖有向前和向侧两种。
Mouth: 嘴巴
The teeth should be sound, strong and evenly spaced, the lower incisors just behind but touching the upper, that is a scissor bite..
牙齿必须健康并且间隔均匀，下排门牙须在上排门牙后面并且要和上排门牙成剪式咬合，这才是正确的咬合。
Neck:颈部
The neck is of good length, strong and muscular, slightly arched and broadening to the shoulders, without throatiness or coarseness.
颈部长度适度，强健有力，微显弓形并且逐渐加宽延伸至肩部。
Forequarters: 前驱
The shoulders are long and well angulated to the upper arm, neither in nor out at the elbow. The forelegs are well boned, straight and parallel when viewed from the front. Pasterns show flexibility with a slight slope when viewed from the side.
肩与前腿成角度，肩需与肘关节在一条直线上。前腿粗并且直，从前方看两前腿平行。从侧面看前驱与背线的过度阶段衔接适度。
Body:躯干
The body is moderately long with well-sprung ribs tapering to a fairly deep and moderately broad chest.. The loins are broad, deep and muscular with well turned stifles and strong hocks, well let down, and when viewed from the rear are straight and parallel..
躯干程度适度，肋骨有良好的扩张度，胸深且宽。腰宽，深且肌肉发达。从臀部后面看，躯干直且平行与地面。
Hindquarters: 后驱
The hindquarters are broad and muscular, in profile sloping gracefully to the set on of the tail. The thighs are long, broad, deep, muscular with well turned stifles and strong hocks, well let down, and when viewed from the rear are straight and parallel.
后驱宽广且肌肉发达，从侧面看，轮廓温和的向尾巴处倾斜。大腿长、宽、深且肌肉发达。从臀部后面看，后驱直、彼此平行。
Feet: 脚
Oval in shape, pads deep, strong and sound, toes moderately arched and close together. Nails short and strong.
椭圆形的，肉垫厚，有力，脚趾适度圆拱、紧凑。
Tail: 尾巴
The tail is moderately long, set on low, well furnished with an upward swirl towards the end, completing the graceful contour and balance of the dog. The tail may be raised in excitement but not carried over the back.
尾巴长度适度，起点低，末端有向上的旋涡，使看上去有优雅的轮廓并且可以保持平衡。兴奋时，尾巴会向上举起但是不会超过背部的高度。
Movement: 步态
The movement is free, smooth and tireless, with a minimum lift of the feet, conveying the impression of the ability to move with great stealth. The action, viewed from the front, should be straight forward and true, without weakness at shoulders, elbows or pasterns. Viewed from behind the quarters thrust with strength and flexibility, with hocks not close nor too far apart. When trotting, the dog's feet tend to come closer together as speed increases, but when the dog comes to rest he should stand four square. Any tendency to stiltiness or to cowhocks or bowhocks is a serious fault.
步态自然，平滑并且轻盈。当他小跑时，脚离地面距离只有一点点。从前面观察，路线应该是笔直，且肩部，肘部，脚腕强健有力。从后面观察，四肢移动时强健有力且富有弹性。跑动时，四肢越来越近意味着速度越来越快。但是当他们停下来休息是会站成一个正方形，任何高跷步，牛步和工箭步都是严重的错误
Coat: 毛发
Double coated, with a moderately long, dense, medium textured topcoat while the undercoat is short, soft and dense, making a weather resisting protection with an abundant coat to form a mane, breeching and brush. On face, ear tips, forelegs (except for feather), hindlegs from hock to ground, the hair is short and smooth. A smooth coat is acceptable.
双层毛发，外层是长度适当，浓密，手感略微粗糙外层长毛，里层毛短，柔软，浓密。都是是用来抵御恶劣气候的。脸部，耳尖，四肢（前面）毛发短而平滑。前肢后面有羽状饰毛。头上的毛发短且平滑。短毛边牧也是被接受的
Colour: 颜色
A variety of colours is permissible, but white should never predominate.
有很多种颜色都是被允许的，但白色是不能占主导颜色的
Size: 身高
Height: Dogs 48-53 cm (approx 19-21 in) at withers
***es 46-51 cm (approx. 18-20 in) at withers
高度：公狗 48~53cm（大概19~21英寸），肩高
母狗 46~51cm（大概18~20英寸），肩高
Faults: 缺陷
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness of the fault should be in exact proportion to its degree.
任何的前述各点的背离都被看作是缺陷，缺陷的严重程度必须精确的被衡量。
Note: 注释
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
雄性牧羊犬的阴囊中必须有两颗明显的睾丸。 |
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发表于 2008-3-25 21:56:55
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