关于狗狗节育的好处和坏处（转自我看过的一篇学术论文）

POCO宠物

最近经常看到大家在讨论这个话题，我也一直对这个话题很感兴趣。我曾经询问过兽医和breeder的意见，得到了截然不同的答案。她们也都推荐了一些论文和资料让我阅读，因为这是一个重要的决定，而且没有人可以帮你下这个决定。

我引用的这篇论文名字叫‘节育带来的长期健康益处和危害’（Long-Term Health Risks & Benefits Associated with Spray / Neuter in Dogs），出自新泽西罗格斯大学的一位动物研究学教授。有兴趣的可以google一下原文。

以下是论文的总结：
Summary (Laura J. Sanborn article)
这段说的是无论是公狗还是母狗，节育都有好处和坏处，对于这个课题现在也还没有定论。（说了就像没有说一样！）
An objective reading of the veterinary medical literature reveals a complex situation with respect to the longterm health risks and benefits associated with spay/neuter in dogs. The evidence shows that spay/neuter correlates with both positive AND adverse health effects in dogs. It also suggests how much we really do not yet understand about this subject.

这段说的是如果是公狗的话，没有令人信服的的证据可以证明对公狗的节育可以有效地防止将来的健康问题，尤其当这个公狗被过早地节育了。在绝大多数的案例来看，节育引起的健康方面的问题很可能超过了因此带来的健康方面的益处。
On balance, it appears that no compelling case can be made for neutering most male dogs, especially immature male dogs, in order to prevent future health problems. The number of health problems associated with neutering may exceed the associated health benefits in most cases.


节育对于公狗的好处：
On the positive side, neutering male dogs

1）剔除了得睾丸癌的几率（这个好处几乎可以忽略不计，因为本来发病率就只有不到1%）
&#8226; eliminates the small risk (probably <1%) of dying from testicular cancer

2）减少了非癌性的前列腺引起的问题的几率（紊乱，失调）
&#8226; reduces the risk of non-cancerous prostate disorders

3）减少了肛周炎的几率（这个只能是大概意思，因为我不懂具体专业名词）
&#8226; reduces the risk of perianal fistulas

4）有可能减少糖尿病发病的几率（无决定性的数据支持）注意这里的原文用词仅仅是‘有可能’
&#8226; may possibly reduce the risk of diabetes (data inconclusive)


节育对于公狗的坏处：
On the negative side, neutering male dogs

1）如果过早节育（早于一岁前），极大地增加了患骨癌的几率；骨癌对于中/大型犬来说是非常常见的。
&#8226; if done before 1 year of age, significantly increases the risk of osteosarcoma (bone cancer); this is a
common cancer in medium/large and larger breeds with a poor prognosis.

2）增加了心血管瘤的发病率（增加的几率为参数1.6，我的理解是1.6倍于不节育的公狗，不知道对不对)（只能是大概意思，又碰到了不完全懂的专业术语）
&#8226; increases the risk of cardiac hemangiosarcoma by a factor of 1.6

3）相比较于未节育的公狗，甲状腺机能减退的几率增大为其三倍
&#8226; triples the risk of hypothyroidism

4）渐进的老年认知障碍（是指老年性痴呆么，每个词都懂，连起来反而不懂了。）几率增加
&#8226; increases the risk of progressive geriatric cognitive impairment

5）肥胖的几率比未节育的狗狗增大三倍
&#8226; triples the risk of obesity, a common health problem in dogs with many associated health problems

6）前列腺癌的发病率增大为四倍（不过依旧很小，小于0.6%）
&#8226; quadruples the small risk (<0.6%) of prostate cancer

7）尿道癌的发病率增大为两倍（小于1%）
&#8226; doubles the small risk (<1%) of urinary tract cancers

8）骨骼系统（包括骨头，关节，韧带和肌肉）疾病发病率增大
&#8226; increases the risk of orthopedic disorders

9）接种疫苗时的不良反应几率增加
&#8226; increases the risk of adverse reactions to vaccinations

对于公狗的节育考虑，不能忽视节育引起的骨肉瘤，血管肉瘤，甲状腺机能减退和其它相对较少发生的病症的发病几率增高的问题。
One cannot ignore the findings of increased risk from osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, hypothyroidism, and other less frequently occurring diseases associated with neutering male dogs.

先把这段发上来，再接着翻译母狗节育的利与弊（这个问题更复杂一些）。