比熊犬AKC标准 中英文对照版

首席村妇

[简介]
卷毛比熊犬是一种娇小的，强健的白色粉扑型的狗，具有欢快的气质，他的气质从他羽毛般欢快地卷在背后的尾巴和好奇的眼神中就能体现出来。
这个品种没有任何粗重或无能夸张的地方，所以他的步态没有理由显得不匀称或不健全。
任何背离标准中所描述的理想的卷毛比雄犬的地方都属于缺陷，并需要根据背离的程度进行扣分。卷毛比雄犬的结构方面的缺陷与其他品种一样不合需要，尽管这些可能在该品种的标准中没有详细描述出来。

[体型]
尺寸：雄性和雌性肩高约在9.5英寸~11.5英寸之间，匀称是先考虑的。如果超出这个尺寸范围，但被证明是非常优秀的个体，允许适当放宽标准。但无论如何，肩高不应该超过12英寸或低与9英寸。最低肩高标准不适用与幼犬。比例：体长（从胸部最前面一点到臀部最后一点的距离）比肩高多出大约1/4。从马肩隆到胸底的距离大约为从马肩隆到地面距离的1/2。体质：紧凑，骨量中等。既不显得粗糙，也不显得纤细。

[头部]
表情：柔和，深邃的眼神，好奇而警惕。眼睛：圆、黑色或深褐色，位于脑袋上，正对前方。过大或过分突出的眼睛、杏仁状的眼睛及歪斜的眼睛都属于缺陷。眼睛周围，黑色或非常深的褐色皮肤环绕着眼睛，这是必须的，可以突出眼睛并强调表情。眼圈本身必须是黑色。眼圈色素不足或完全缺乏色素，产生一种没有表情或呆滞的表情的样子，属于明显的缺陷。眼睛的颜色为黑色或深褐色以外的任何颜色都属于严重缺陷，并将受到严厉的惩罚。耳朵：下垂，隐藏在长而流动的毛发中。如果向鼻镜方向拉扯耳朵，耳廓的长度能延伸到口吻的中间。耳朵的位置略高与眼睛所在的水平线，并且在脑袋比较靠前的位置。所以当他警惕时，耳朵成为面孔的一部分。脑袋：略微圆拱，允许向眼睛方向呈圆弧形。止部：略微清晰。口吻：非常匀称头部，口吻与脑袋的长度比例为3:4，口吻的长度是从鼻镜到止部的距离，脑袋的长度是从止部到后枕骨的距离。经外眼角和鼻尖连成的虚线，正好构成一个等边三角形。眼睛下方轮廓略显清晰。但不能太过分，而形成虚弱或尖细的前脸。下颌结实。鼻镜：突出，且总是黑色。嘴唇：黑色，精致，但不下垂。咬和：剪状咬和。上颚突出式咬和或下颚突出式咬和属于严重缺陷。弯曲或不成一线的牙齿是允许的，但缺齿属于严重缺陷。

[颈部、背线、身躯]
颈部：长而骄傲地昂起，竖在头部之后。平滑地融入肩胛。颈部的长度，从后枕骨到马肩隆的距离大约为从前胸到臀部距离的1/3。背线：水平，除了直、肌肉发达且圆拱的腰部。身躯：胸部相当发达，宽度能允许前肢能自由而无拘束的运动。胸部最低点至少能延伸到肘部。肋骨适度撑起，向后延伸到短而肌肉发达的腰部。前胸非常明显，且比肩关节略向前突出一点。下腹曲线适度上提。尾巴：有许多羽毛，尾巴的位置与背线齐平，温和地卷在背后，所以尾巴上的毛发靠在背后。当尾巴向头部方向伸展时，至少能到达去马肩隆的中途。尾巴 位置低、尾巴举到与后背垂直的位置、或尾巴向后下垂都属于严重缺陷。螺旋状的尾巴属于非常严重的缺陷。

[前躯]
肩胛：肩胛骨与上臂骨长度大致相等。肩胛向后倾斜，大约呈45度角。上臂骨向后延伸，从侧面观察，使肘部能正好位于马肩隆下方。前肢：骨量中等；前臂和腕部既不能呈弓形，也不弯曲。骹骨：相对垂直线而言，略显倾斜。狼爪可以切除。足爪：紧而圆，类似所谓的猫足，直接指向前方，既不向内弯，也不向外翻。脚垫：黑色。趾甲：控制在比较短的状态下。

[后躯]
后躯骨量中等。大腿角度恰当，肌肉发达，距离略宽。第一节大腿和第二节大腿长度大致相等，在适度弯曲的膝关节结合在一起。从飞节到足爪这部分后腿完全垂直于地面。狼爪可以切除。脚掌紧而圆，脚垫为黑色。

[被毛]
被毛的质地最为重要。底毛柔软而浓厚，外层披毛粗硬且卷曲。两种毛发结合，触摸时，产生一种柔软而坚固的感觉，拍上去的感觉象长毛绒或天鹅绒一样有弹性。经过沐浴和刷拭后，被毛站立在身躯上，整体上产生一种粉扑的效果。刚毛质的被毛不合需要。柔软的被毛、丝质被毛，被毛平贴在身上，或缺乏底毛都属于非常严重的缺陷。修剪：被毛需要修剪，显示出身躯的自然曲线。所有部位都颜色圆圆的，不能剪的太短，显得修剪过度或显示出四方形的外貌。头部装饰、胡须、髭须耳朵和尾巴保留较长的长度。头部长长的毛发修剪成圆圆的外观。背线修剪成水平状，被毛必须保留足够的长度，以维持该品种的粉扑形外貌。

[颜色]
颜色为白色，在耳朵周围或身躯上有浅黄色、奶酪色或杏色阴影。成熟个体身上的其他颜色超过被毛总数的10%，就属于缺陷，并将受到惩罚。但幼犬身体上出现这些允许的颜色则不属于缺陷。

[步态]
小跑的动作舒展、准确而轻松。从侧面观察，前腿和后腿的伸展动作相互协调，前躯伸展轻松，后肢驱动有力，背线保持稳固。运动中，头部和颈部略微竖立，随着速度增加，四肢有向身躯中心线聚拢的趋向。离去时，后腿间保持中等距离，可以看见脚垫。过来或离去，动作精确而正确。

[气质]
温和而守规矩，敏感、顽皮、且挚爱。愉快的态度是这个品种的特点，而且很容易因为小事情而满足。


General Appearance
The Bichon Frise is a small, sturdy, white powder puff of a dog whose merry temperament is evidenced by his plumed tail carried jauntily over the back and his dark-eyed inquisitive expression. This is a breed that has no gross or incapacitating exaggerations and therefore there is no inherent reason for lack of balance or unsound movement. Any deviation from the ideal described in the standard should be penalized to the extent of the deviation. Structural faults common to all breeds are as undesirable in the Bichon Frise as in any other breed, even though such faults may not be specifically mentioned in the standard.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Size --Dogs and bitches 9 1/2 to 11 1/2 inches are to be given primary preference. Only where the comparative superiority of a specimen outside this range clearly justifies it should greater latitude be taken. In no case, however, should this latitude ever extend over 12 inches or under 9 inches. The minimum limits do not apply to puppies. Proportion--The body from the forward-most point of the chest to the point of rump is 1/4 longer than the height at the withers. The body from the withers to lowest point of chest represents 1/2 the distance from withers to ground. Substance --Compact and of medium bone throughout; neither coarse nor fine.


Head-Expression
Soft, dark-eyed, inquisitive, alert. Eyes are round, black or dark brown and are set in the skull to look directly forward. An overly large or bulging eye is a fault as is an almond shaped, obliquely set eye. Halos, the black or very dark brown skin surrounding the eyes, are necessary as they accentuate the eye and enhance expression. The eye rims themselves must be black. Broken pigment, or total absence of pigment on the eye rims produce a blank and staring expression, which is a definite fault. Eyes of any color other than black or dark brown are a very serious fault and must be severely penalized. Ears are drop and are covered with long flowing hair. When extended toward the nose, the leathers reach approximately halfway the length of the muzzle. They are set on slightly higher than eye level and rather forward on the skull, so that when the dog is alert they serve to frame the face. The skull is slightly rounded, allowing for a round and forward looking eye. The stop is slightly accentuated. Muzzle --A properly balanced head is three parts muzzle to five parts skull, measured from the nose to the stop and from the stop to the occiput. A line drawn between the outside corners of the eyes and to the nose will create a near equilateral triangle. There is a slight degree of chiseling under the eyes, but not so much as to result in a weak or snipy foreface. The lower jaw is strong. The nose is prominent and always black. Lips are black, fine, never drooping. Bite is scissors. A bite which is undershot or overshot should be severely penalized. A crooked or out of line tooth is permissible, however, missing teeth are to be severely faulted.

Neck, Topline and Body
The arched neck is long and carried proudly behind an erect head. It blends smoothly into the shoulders. The length of neck from occiput to withers is approximately 1/3 the distance from forechest to buttocks. The topline is level except for a slight, muscular arch over the loin. Body--The chest is well developed and wide enough to allow free and unrestricted movement of the front legs. The lowest point of the chest extends at least to the elbow. The rib cage is moderately sprung and extends back to a short and muscular loin. The forechest is well pronounced and protrudes slightly forward of the point of shoulder. The underline has a moderate tuck-up. Tail is well plumed, set on level with the topline and curved gracefully over the back so that the hair of the tail rests on the back. When the tail is extended toward the head it reaches at least halfway to the withers. A low tail set, a tail carried perpendicularly to the back, or a tail which droops behind is to be severely penalized. A corkscrew tail is a very serious fault.

Forequarters--Shoulders
The shoulder blade, upper arm and forearm are approximately equal in length. The shoulders are laid back to somewhat near a forty-five degree angle. The upper arm extends well back so the elbow is placed directly below the withers when viewed from the side. Legs are of medium bone, straight, with no bow or curve in the forearm or wrist. The elbows are held close to the body. The pasterns slope slightly from the vertical. The dewclaws may be removed. The feet are tight and round, resembling those of a cat and point directly forward, turning neither in nor out. Pads are black. Nails are kept short.

Hindquarters
The hindquarters are of medium bone, well angulated with muscular thighs and spaced moderately wide. The upper and lower thigh are nearly equal in length meeting at a well bent stifle joint. The leg from hock joint to foot pad is perpendicular to the ground. Dewclaws may be removed. Paws are tight and round with black pads.

Coat
The texture of the coat is of utmost importance. The undercoat is soft and dense, the outercoat of a coarser and curlier texture. The combination of the two gives a soft but substantial feel to the touch which is similar to plush or velvet and when patted springs back. When bathed and brushed, it stands off the body, creating an overall powder puff appearance. A wiry coat is not desirable. A limp, silky coat, a coat that lies down, or a lack of undercoat are very serious faults. Trimming --The coat is trimmed to reveal the natural outline of the body. It is rounded off from any direction and never cut so short as to create an overly trimmed or squared off appearance. The furnishings of the head, beard, moustache, ears and tail are left longer. The longer head hair is trimmed to create an overall rounded impression. The topline is trimmed to appear level. The coat is long enough to maintain the powder puff look which is characteristic of the breed.

Color
Color is white, may have shadings of buff, cream or apricot around the ears or on the body. Any color in excess of 10% of the entire coat of a mature specimen is a fault and should be penalized, but color of the accepted shadings should not be faulted in puppies.

Gait
Movement at a trot is free, precise and effortless. In profile the forelegs and hind legs extend equally with an easy reach and drive that maintain a steady topline. When moving, the head and neck remain somewhat erect and as speed increases there is a very slight convergence of legs toward the center line. Moving away, the hindquarters travel with moderate width between them and the foot pads can be seen. Coming and going, his movement is precise and true.

Temperament
Gentle mannered, sensitive, playful and affectionate. A cheerful attitude is the hallmark of the breed and one should settle for nothing less.


标准通过日期：1988年10月11日
标准执行日期：1988年11月30日

新北京宝儿

真是太好了！够详细的！:Smilies20

北娃

还有英文！:Smilies21 哈哈

半支烟

太厉害了

ShawnZH

我是新来的 多多学习